Líneas de Investigación

ORGANIC MATTER VALORISATION WITH ANAEROBIC PROCESSES

Anaerobic processes are considered some of the most sustainable alternatives for treating wastewater, due to their lower financial and energy costs and smaller impact on the environment than conventional aerobic methods. This type of system can be operated under configurations with low or even negative energy demand, since it does not require power for aeration and is able to partially recover energy from the organic matter in the form of methane. In addition, the organisms that anaerobically degrade the organic

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NUTRIENT REMOVAL AND RECOVERY

The CALAGUA group studies both biological nutrient removal (nitrogen and phosphorus) from wastewater and their recovery in the form of commercially saleable products For biological nutrient removal CALAGUA studies and optimises advanced treatment systems such as the SHARON and BABE reactors in lab and pilot plants. We also study the primary sludge fermentation process to obtain the volatile fatty acids required to improve nutrient removal in activated sludge systems. We have also developed control systems designed to reduce energy consumption in nitrification and

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MICROBIOLOGICAL & BIOKINETIC ANALYSES

  Besides the biological processes, the CALAGUA group also studies the microbiology of wastewater treatment systems by applying basic techniques such as phase contrast observation and differential stains, as well as molecular techniques like FISH (fluorescence in situ hibridization) or qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). We also work on biological systems from the microbial diversity perspective applying NGS (next-generation sequencing) techniques. CALAGUA continues to work on developing methods of determining WWTP simulator kinetic and stoichiometric parameters by off-line tests, and has managed to create automatic

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PRIORITY AND EMERGING POLLUTANTS

WWTPs are designed to eliminate organic materials and in certain cases nitrogen and phosphorus. However, emerging and priority pollutants in WWTPs, regulated by the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/CE (WFD) and later modifications and present in trace concentrations in the wastewater, are generally insufficiently removed and therefore accumulate in water bodies.   Detecting and treating emerging and priority pollutants and their metabolites is still a serious challenge in improving underground and surface water quality.    The CALAGUA group is

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WATER QUALITY

The CALAGUA group works on characterising wastewaters from different origins as well as different WWTP flows (affluent, effluent, sludge, recirculations, etc.) The measured parameters include COD, BOD, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, total nitrogen, orthophosphates, total phosphorus, sulphur, sulphate, total and volatile suspended solids, particle size distribution, fatty acids, alkalinity, etc. besides anaerobic degradability and methanogenic activity tests. In this line of research we can highlight the micropollutant analyses (pesticides, herbicides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, volatile organic compounds, TBT,

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